{"id":39506,"date":"2025-12-03T14:22:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T14:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cdr-news.com\/?p=39506"},"modified":"2025-12-09T10:54:33","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T10:54:33","slug":"law2025-call-to-refresh-arbitration-and-protect-rule-of-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cdr-news.com\/categories\/arbitration-adr\/law2025-call-to-refresh-arbitration-and-protect-rule-of-law\/","title":{"rendered":"LAW2025: Call to refresh arbitration and protect rule of law"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A leading arbitrator and academic used London Arbitration Week to issue a defence of international arbitration as a key part of the rule of law, acknowledging that the process needs to improve in order to stay relevant.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Stavros Brekoulakis has warned that attacks on international arbitration, particularly investor-state arbitration, reflect a growing disregard for the rule of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giving the keynote address at the Flagship Conference of the inaugural London Arbitration Week (LAW)<\/a> in London today (3 December), the chair of international arbitration at the National University of Singapore and arbitrator with London\u2019s 3 Verulam Buildings said lawyers and policy makers had created \u201ca rules-based international order\u201d since the Second World War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By the 1990s this had been built on the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Chamber of Commerce, and large bilateral and multilateral treaties, offering \u201ca neutral, reliable and effective forum for trade and commerce\u201d, led by \u201cthe idea that trade should be governed by law not power\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2025, \u201cthis rules-based order is under strain\u201d, he said, citing trade tariffs, the sidelining of the WTO Appellate Body, and the rejection of the<\/a> Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) by both states and the European Commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSomething deeper is happening. Ten years ago the criticism against the system was mainly procedural,\u201d said Brekoulakis. \u201cToday what is being challenged is the very premise of the system that states be bound by trade rules and businesses can turn to independent adjudication,\u201d he continued, concerned by the growing attitude that expropriation and sudden changes in policy are \u201cthe price of doing business\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rule of law had always been based on the principle that \u201csovereign authority must be held to account by independent justice\u201d, but now it is being branded as a threat to the will of the people, said Brekoulakis. Non-compliance with treaties was no longer being seen as a breach, but as an exercise of democratic power in \u201ctoday\u2019s transactional, brutal politics\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Room for change<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Despite framing criticism of international arbitration as part of this populist backlash, Brekoulakis accepted that the arbitral system had played a part in its own decline: \u201cWe must also acknowledge that the system overreached,\u201d he said, referring to overly broad treaties that overrode local concerns and \u201ctone deaf\u201d claims against environmental and health policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He called for improvements, saying \u201cit is not enough for it to be fair; it must also be seen as a legitimate system of justice\u201d, and must account for public interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referring to the fraudulent and ultimately overturned P&ID v Nigeria<\/em><\/a> award, Brekoulakis expressed concern that international arbitration \u201cmay no longer be fit for purpose\u201d. He proposed closer review of awards, particularly in investment disputes, describing it as \u201cunsustainable\u201d to treat disputes involving states, public entities, or significant public interest as identical to private commercial matters, with no recourse to review.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA measured form of appeal or scrutiny, would reinforce international rule of law and bring renewed health to the institutions and trust in international dispute resolution,\u201d he said, which was \u201cnot an idealistic vision, but a principled and pragmatic framework of justice\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Regulatory chill\u2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Later at the event, Chilean government lawyer Mariana Pinto Schmidt, speaking in an unofficial capacity, said states were balancing the obligation to protect foreign investment against their need to address climate change and the environment, and had established the right to adopt measures that will affect investments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kai-Uwe Karl, global chief litigation counsel at GE Renewable Energy agreed that renewable energy \u201cis a space where interests collide and then disputes arise\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The threat of investor-state claims could create a \u201cregulatory chill\u201d which made renewable energy policies more cautious, Schmidt warned, a great risk when faced with the \u201crelevant and urgent matter\u201d of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There had been some progress in modern bilateral investment treaties, she noted, which have clarified investment obligations and provided greater guidance to arbitral tribunals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Photo credit: LAW\/Fraser Allan<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

London Arbitration Week:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belt & Road presents divergent legal, cultural and practical norms<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Call to refresh arbitration and protect rule of law<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arbitration slammed for losing its way<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Construction spats lacking right legal teams and direction<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Construction challenges; Ciarb changeover<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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